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Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and the late 1950s in the United States.〔Livingstone, M., ''Pop Art: A Continuing History'', New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990〕 Among the early artists that shaped the pop art movement were Eduardo Paolozzi and Richard Hamilton in Britain, and Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns in the United States. Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising and news. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material.〔〔de la Croix, H.; Tansey, R., ''Gardner's Art Through the Ages'', New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1980.〕 The concept of "pop art" refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes behind the art.〔 Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. One of its aims is to use images of ''popular'' (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony.〔 It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. Pop art is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as an expansion of those ideas.〔 Due to its utilization of found objects and images, it is similar to Dada. Pop art and minimalism are considered to be art movements that precede postmodern art, or are some of the earliest examples of postmodern art themselves. Pop art often takes imagery that is currently in use in advertising. Product labeling and logos figure prominently in the imagery chosen by pop artists, seen in the labels of ''Campbell's Soup Cans'', by Andy Warhol. Even the labeling on the outside of a shipping box containing food items for retail has been used as subject matter in pop art, as demonstrated by Warhol's ''Campbell's Tomato Juice Box,'' 1964 (pictured). ==Origins== The origins of pop art in North America developed differently from Great Britain .〔 In the United States, pop art was a response by artists; it marked a return to hard-edged composition and representational art. They used impersonal, mundane reality, irony, and parody to "defuse" the personal symbolism and "painterly looseness" of abstract expressionism.〔〔Gopnik, A.; Varnedoe, K., ''High & Low: Modern Art & Popular Culture'', New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1990〕 In the U.S., some artwork by Alex Katz and Man Ray anticipated pop art.〔(smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/alex-katz )〕 By contrast, the origins of pop art in post-War Britain, while employing irony and parody, were more academic. Britain focused on the dynamic and paradoxical imagery of American pop culture as powerful, manipulative symbolic devices that were affecting whole patterns of life, while simultaneously improving the prosperity of a society.〔 Early pop art in Britain was a matter of ideas fueled by American popular culture ''when viewed from afar''.〔 Similarly, pop art was both an extension and a repudiation of Dadaism.〔 While pop art and Dadaism explored some of the same subjects, pop art replaced the destructive, satirical, and anarchic impulses of the Dada movement with a detached affirmation of the artifacts of mass culture.〔 Among those artists in Europe seen as producing work leading up to pop art are: Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, and Kurt Schwitters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pop art」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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